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Studded versus Studless A construction using the old pieces with studs Although studless beams have been present in Technic sets for many years the change from primarily studded to primarily studless construction represented a major paradigm shift and has been quite controversial The primary advantage of studless construction is the addition of new construction methods that were previously unavailable The new studless beams are exactly 1 width unit in height in contrast to studded beams which are a non integer multiple of one unit It can be awkward to use studded beams in vertical structures because it is necessary to insert plates between the studded beams in order to get the holes to line up A vehicle using the new pieces without studs Studless beams allow greater flexibility when building in multiple dimensions while remaining compatible with classic studded beams Some builders also believe that models constructed with studless beams look nicer than their studded count erparts However studless construction also introduces disadvantages Studless construction is not immediately intuitive requiring the builder to think five or six steps ahead While studded construction follows the classic bottom to top building pattern studless construction requires building inside to outside As of 2006 Lego has begun to re incorporate studded bricks back into the Technic line which can be seen in sets such as 8421 The Mobile Crane Lego Technic components Lego Technic system expands on the normal Lego bricks with a whole range of new bricks that offer new functionality and building styles The most significant change from normal Lego is that single stud wide bricks beams have circular holes through their vertical face positioned in between the studs These holes can accommodate pins which enable two beams to be held securely together either side by side or at an angle Motors Lego Technic system has always included a variety of different electric motors Broadly these divide into those powered by batteries held in a connected battery box or by mains electricity via a transformer Battery power is the most common Early motors were either 9 volt or 4 5 volt and consisted of a large brick with a small protruding axle that would rotate when the motor was powered The motor was not hugely geared down resulting in high RPM low torque output Recent motors contain a hole into which an axle should be inserted enabling axles of different lengths to be used Power Functions In late 2007 a new motor system was released called Power Functions it was included within LEGO set 8275 Motorized Bulldozer It comprised a set of motors two IR receivers IR remote control and a battery box thus resulting in a remote control model One IR receiver would connect to the battery box whilst the other receiver connected to the motor up to two motors per receiver thus remote control was achieved With these sets it is possible to build or convert manually operated mec hanical movement to motorized using electric motors and controlled via switches or IR remote control Future plans for this set include more parts which will add even more functionality control possibilities Lego has already started to design and sell Lego TECHNIC models sets which can be easily retrofitted with Power Functions blocks For example models like the 8294 Excavator 8295 Telescopic Handler or 7645 MT 61 Crystal Reaper are sold like classic Lego TECHNIC models with manual motorization but are designed with free space for the Power Functions components with factory instructions on how to perform the conversion to an electrically operated model Number Name Released 8881 Power Functions Battery Box 2008 8882 Power Functions XL Motor 2008 8883 Power Functions M Motor 2008 8884 Power Functions IR Receiver 2008 8885 Power Functions IR Remote Control 2008 8886 Power Functions Extension Wire 2008 8869 Power Functions Control Switch 2009 8870 Power Functions Light 2009 8871 Power Functions Extension Wire 20 2009 8293 Power Functions Motor Set 2009 The Power Functions line up also includes a Linear Actuator currently not sold separately but already used in many models like the 8294 Excavator Pneumatics Main article Lego pneumatics Gears Various Lego Technic gears Gears have been included within Lego Technic sets as a way of transferring rotary power and of gearing up or down the speed Gears come in several sizes 8 tooth 16 tooth 24 tooth and 40 tooth spur gears 12 tooth 20 tooth and 36 tooth double bevel gears and 12 tooth and 20 tooth single bevel gears The double bevel gears are cut so they can also be meshed as spur gears There is also a 16 tooth clutch gear and a 24 tooth friction gear that slips when a certain amount of torque is put on it to prevent motors from damaging any parts or burning themselves out In addition to standard gears some kits include a rack a clutch and even worm gears and differential gears The original differential had a 28 tooth bevel gear designed to be meshed with the 14 tooth bevel gears replaced by the 12 tooth gears to give 2 1 reduction They can also be meshed with the newer double bevel gears It was replaced by a newer design incorporating 16 tooth and 24 tooth gears on opposite sides of the casing The casing holds three 12 tooth bevel gears inside As of 2008 an updated version of the original differential has been released optimised for studless construction Chain links were also introduced as an additional way of connecting gears Tension resulting from the correct number of chain link parts used along with the combination of gearwheel sizes used is critical to reliable operation 8 tooth gears are not to be recommended See also Wikimedia Commons has media related to Lego Technic Lego Mindstorms Fischertechnik External links Lego Technic information at Lego website References http journals aol com jmenomeno brickjournal entries 2006 10 03 other fun things nxt and studless building 781 http news lugnet com general n 48416 http 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